I know that STI's aren't something that makes most people pop out of bed and think to themselves "Hey, I wonder what kind of new info I can find today on STIs", but, then again, they aren't me.
Last summer I wrote this companion piece to this post about bacterial infections. STI's aren't pretty, and they certainly make a lot of people super uncomfortable talking about them, but this is stuff you need to know if you are sexually active. Viral STIs are different from bacterial STIs because there is no cure. They can be managed, and managed well. The kicker is.....you have to know you have it.
I'm someone who thinks that STIs would be less prolific if people were exposed to photos of STI symptoms with some frequency. I'm not kidding. Google a STI and then go to the pictures tab. Like I said, it ain't pretty. There are some pictures where it takes you a minute to figure out just what you are looking at.
Ok, on to viral STIs (I'm leaving out HIV because that is really a whole other blog post)
HSV 2 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2):
HSV 2 is the more common form of genital herpes (remember HSV 1 can also cause genital herpes), HSV 2 can also present on the mouth although it is rare. HSV 2 can also affect the eyes.
HSV 2 is a STI which means it is transmitted through sexual activity. Penetration need not take place for transmission to occur. HSV 2 is passed through skin on skin transmission while engaging in sexual activities like kissing, oral sex, vaginal penetration, anal penetration, and naked skin on skin rubbing.
Symptoms vary from person to person so there really is no "typical" type of symptom pattern. However, many who have genital HSV 2 report the following: blisters, sores, skin cracks and fissures, itchy and irritated areas, pain during urination (blisters can form inside the urethra--ouch!). Non-genital symptoms are: headache, swollen lymph nodes, low grade fever, and sensitivity to light.
There are lots of studies out there, but most report that 1 in 5 people in the United States who are over the age of 14 has HSV 2. But, and are you ready for this, 90% of people who have HSV 2 do NOT know they are positive.
HPV (Human Papilloma Virus):
HPV is the most frequently acquired viral STI in the United States and there are over 40 types that specifically affect the genitals. Studies show that 50% to 80% of sexually active people will acquire HPV at some point in their life. HPV is transmitted through skin to skin contact and can appear on the penis, vulva, anus, rectum, and cervix.
HPV has 2 basic risk categories: low risk and high risk.
Low risk HPV are warts that appear mostly externally.
High risk HPV can cause cancer.
Also, HPV that causes external warts are not the same that cause cancer.
HPV is interesting in that 90 % of infections clear on their own within 2 years.
Genital warts present as small clusters that look a lot like cauliflower in the genital region. Warts can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the cervix, penis, scrotum, groin, and thigh. You can have them removed by having a doctor freeze, cut, or laser them off. You can also use a topical cream that is prescribed by your doctor.
Whether you treat them or not, these warts will never turn into high risk HPV or cancer.
Cervical cancer is a STI that is caused by HPV. Most people don't exhibit symptoms until it has already advanced. Getting regular Pap smears is a persons best bet for catching cervical cancer because it looks for abnormal cell structure or cell changes. There is a secondary test that can identify if the HPV is low risk or high risk in women.
HPV also causes something called OPC or Orapharygeal Cancer. Many researchers are calling OPC the "new" STI. HPV causes about 40% of OPC. Many believe it is on the rise because many people don't consider oral sex to be sex, and therefore they don't think about using a barrier. Even though women are affected, researchers are seeing a trend that young white men are of greatest risk for OPC.
HPV is also responsible for a growing number of Anal cancer patients. Because a lot of warts tend to appear inside the anal cavity, it is more difficult to diagnose. Anyone who engages in unprotected anal activity (including rimming) should request a yearly anal Pap smear. Yes, there really is such a thing. Yes, I have been a "guest" at many a anal Pap smear.
General cancer treatments like radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy are used for Cervical cancer, OPC, and Anal cancers.
There is a vaccine called Gardasil that helps protect uninfected people from 4 of the most common HPV types. There is also a new vaccine called Cervarix that is now available.
One of the most important facts to remember is that all sexual activity carries some personal risk. Condoms can help decrease transmission, but they don't cover or protect the entire genital area. Condoms cover the head of the penis and not all of the penis shaft. Female condoms are popular because they cover a larger surface area of the vulva.
I believe that it is up to each and every person to help safe guard their sexual health. You can begin by requesting from your doctor a complete HIV/STI panel. Most tests only look for a few STIs. In order for you to be fully aware of your health status you need to specifically request a full panel and then ask what it tests for. Bottom line is the more compete the testing, the better. It's also something I get done ever year during my annual Pap smear.









